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The NLS Annotated Bibliography - User Submission Form
ABELL, TROY LYON, LARRY Do the Differences Make a Difference? An Empirical Evaluation of the Culture of Poverty in the U.S. American Ethnologist 6 (August 1979) : 602-621 Cohort(s): Young Men ID Number: 1 Publisher: American Anthropological Association Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This analysis of the culture of poverty in the United States produces several findings specific to the theoretical propositions of Lewis and subsequent critiques: (1) there are significant differences between the descendants of the lower class and those of the middle class in relation to family structure, the community school system, region of the country, race, degree of urbanism, and IQ; (2) the differentiating behaviors appear to be socially transmitted from one generation to the next in terms of lower levels of income, occupational prestige and IQ scores; (3) six predictive variables of educational, occupational, and financial achievement (race, region of the country, degree of urbanism, number of siblings, home reading material, and IQ) also differentiate the two classes; (4) individual and familial factors are more powerful determinants of educational and occupational attainment than structural or societal forces; (5) two thirds of the income gap between descendants of the poor and those of the middle class is determined by structural forces beyond individual efforts at change. These findings reveal an explanatory model supportive of Gans' theoretical conception of the causes of poverty: behavior is thus a mixture of situational responses and cultural patterns. This analysis of the NLS data gives empirical documentation to Lewis's original hypothesis that certain individual and familial behaviors differentiating the lower and middle classes are causally linked with occupational prestige and income. Yet, these cultural behaviors are not the primary factors in the perpetuation of economic poverty. LYON, LARRY ABELL, TROY Male Entry into the Labor Force: Estimates of Occupational Rewards and Labor Market Discrimination Sociological Quarterly 21,1 (Winter 1980): 81-92 Cohort(s): Young Men ID Number: 1416 Publisher: University of California Press Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Black and white models of initial occupational rewards are compared. The results show that blacks have experienced considerable upward mobility; however, their income and prestige remain behind their white counterparts. There are two explanations for the racial gap: (1) blacks begin work with lower levels of key background variables and (2) racial discrimination in the labor market. The measurement of racial discrimination accounts for only a small proportion of the gap between black and white levels of rewards. LYON, LARRY ABELL, TROY Social Mobility among Young Black and White Men: A Longitudinal Study of Occupational Prestige and Income Pacific Sociological Review 22,2 (April 1979): 201-222 Cohort(s): Young Men ID Number: 1417 Publisher: Pacific Sociological Association Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The goal of much research in occupations has been to establish the determinants of occupational prestige. The NLS of Young Men provide data for the construction of causal models for black and white workers. These data were generated from four groups surveyed from 1966 to 1971. Subsamples of whites and of blacks were derived. The data allow several methodological variations from previous occupational mobility research, including longitudinal design, less reliance on retrospective techniques, and a more precise time-frame. The annual models indicate that beyond years of education, very few variables available to most surveys have a statistically significant effect on variation in occupational prestige and income. Also, these longitudinal surveys show a growing racial gap in occupational rewards. Much of the increase in black versus white reward increase is found to be related to labor market racial discrimination in advancement rather than to different levels of family background and labor market entry. Policy implications may be drawn based on the importance of education and racial discrimination in occupational mobility. LYON, LARRY ABELL, TROY JONES, ELIZABETH D. RECTOR-OWEN, HOLLEY National Longitudinal Surveys Data for Labor Market Entry: Evaluating the Small Effects of Race Discrimination and the Large Effects of Sex Discrimination Social Problems 29 (June 1982): 524-539 Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women ID Number: 1418 Publisher: Society for the Study of Social Problems Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper constructs racially and sexually comparative models of labor market entry to assess the effects of individual differences and labor market discrimination. Traditional measures of racial discrimination in the labor market are of relatively small importance in explaining prestige and income gaps compared to the effect of individual differences. Measures of sexual discrimination, however, are of considerable importance in accounting for the differences in prestige and income between male and female workers. Sexual discrimination works against women in the allocation of income, but against men for occupational prestige, a pattern that holds for both black and white workers. Discrimination against men for prestige is the logical counterpart of discrimination against women for income. Women should be considered theoretically and empirically distinct from blacks when minority relations are analyzed. Search returned 4 items. Search Start: 20:25:47 Search Finish: 20:25:47
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